{
  "threat_severity" : "Important",
  "public_date" : "2026-07-14T21:32:26Z",
  "bugzilla" : {
    "description" : "ruby-jwt: ruby-jwt: Authentication bypass due to empty key in HMAC verification",
    "id" : "2500739",
    "url" : "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2500739"
  },
  "cvss3" : {
    "cvss3_base_score" : "7.4",
    "cvss3_scoring_vector" : "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
    "status" : "verified"
  },
  "cwe" : "CWE-347",
  "details" : [ "ruby-jwt is a Ruby implementation of the RFC 7519 OAuth JSON Web Token standard. Prior to 2.10.3 and 3.2.0, JWT.decode(token, '', true, algorithm: 'HS256') accepts an attacker-forged token because OpenSSL::HMAC.digest('SHA256', '', payload) returns a valid digest under an empty key and no empty-key precondition exists in the HMAC algorithm. The same path is reached when a keyfinder block or key_finder: argument returns an empty string, nil, or an array containing nil for an unknown key, affecting HS256, HS384, and HS512 verification through JWT.decode and JWT::EncodedToken#verify_signature!. This issue is fixed in versions 2.10.3 and 3.2.0.", "A flaw was found in ruby-jwt, a Ruby implementation of the RFC 7519 OAuth JSON Web Token (JWT) standard. A remote attacker can exploit this vulnerability by crafting a malicious token that is accepted due to an empty key being used in the HMAC (Hash-based Message Authentication Code) digest calculation during token verification. This allows the attacker to bypass authentication and integrity checks, potentially leading to unauthorized access or data manipulation." ],
  "affected_release" : [ {
    "product_name" : "Red Hat Satellite 6.16 for RHEL 8",
    "release_date" : "2026-09-03T00:00:00Z",
    "advisory" : "RHSA-2026:63327",
    "cpe" : "cpe:/a:redhat:satellite_utils:6.16::el8",
    "package" : "rubygem-jwt-0:2.10.3-1.el8sat"
  }, {
    "product_name" : "Red Hat Satellite 6.16 for RHEL 9",
    "release_date" : "2026-09-03T00:00:00Z",
    "advisory" : "RHSA-2026:63327",
    "cpe" : "cpe:/a:redhat:satellite_utils:6.16::el9",
    "package" : "rubygem-jwt-0:2.10.3-1.el9sat"
  }, {
    "product_name" : "Red Hat Satellite 6.17 for RHEL 9",
    "release_date" : "2026-09-03T00:00:00Z",
    "advisory" : "RHSA-2026:63387",
    "cpe" : "cpe:/a:redhat:satellite_maintenance:6.17::el9",
    "package" : "ansible-core-1:2.16.19-1.el9sat"
  }, {
    "product_name" : "Red Hat Satellite 6.17 for RHEL 9",
    "release_date" : "2026-09-03T00:00:00Z",
    "advisory" : "RHSA-2026:63387",
    "cpe" : "cpe:/a:redhat:satellite_maintenance:6.17::el9",
    "package" : "rubygem-jwt-0:2.10.3-1.el9sat"
  }, {
    "product_name" : "Red Hat Satellite 6.17 for RHEL 9",
    "release_date" : "2026-09-03T00:00:00Z",
    "advisory" : "RHSA-2026:63387",
    "cpe" : "cpe:/a:redhat:satellite_utils:6.17::el9",
    "package" : "ansible-core-1:2.16.19-1.el9sat"
  }, {
    "product_name" : "Red Hat Satellite 6.17 for RHEL 9",
    "release_date" : "2026-09-03T00:00:00Z",
    "advisory" : "RHSA-2026:63387",
    "cpe" : "cpe:/a:redhat:satellite_utils:6.17::el9",
    "package" : "rubygem-jwt-0:2.10.3-1.el9sat"
  }, {
    "product_name" : "Red Hat Satellite 6.18 for RHEL 9",
    "release_date" : "2026-09-03T00:00:00Z",
    "advisory" : "RHSA-2026:63386",
    "cpe" : "cpe:/a:redhat:satellite_utils:6.18::el9",
    "package" : "pulpcore-obsolete-packages-0:1.3.1-5.el9pc"
  }, {
    "product_name" : "Red Hat Satellite 6.18 for RHEL 9",
    "release_date" : "2026-09-03T00:00:00Z",
    "advisory" : "RHSA-2026:63386",
    "cpe" : "cpe:/a:redhat:satellite_utils:6.18::el9",
    "package" : "python3.12-pulpcore-0:3.73.30-3.el9pc"
  }, {
    "product_name" : "Red Hat Satellite 6.18 for RHEL 9",
    "release_date" : "2026-09-03T00:00:00Z",
    "advisory" : "RHSA-2026:63386",
    "cpe" : "cpe:/a:redhat:satellite_utils:6.18::el9",
    "package" : "rubygem-jwt-0:2.10.3-1.el9sat"
  }, {
    "product_name" : "Red Hat Satellite 6.19 for RHEL 9",
    "release_date" : "2026-09-03T00:00:00Z",
    "advisory" : "RHSA-2026:63385",
    "cpe" : "cpe:/a:redhat:satellite_utils:6.19::el9",
    "package" : "rubygem-jwt-0:2.10.3-1.el9sat"
  } ],
  "package_state" : [ {
    "product_name" : "Red Hat Hardened Images",
    "fix_state" : "Not affected",
    "package_name" : "chunkah",
    "cpe" : "cpe:/a:redhat:hummingbird:1",
    "impact" : "critical"
  }, {
    "product_name" : "Red Hat Satellite 6",
    "fix_state" : "Affected",
    "package_name" : "satellite-capsule:el8/rubygem-jwt",
    "cpe" : "cpe:/a:redhat:satellite:6"
  } ],
  "references" : [ "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-45363\nhttps://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-45363\nhttps://github.com/jwt/ruby-jwt/commit/9820020869ad147b941e49d96ab8beba35532964\nhttps://github.com/jwt/ruby-jwt/commit/db560b769a07bd9724e77ff505011ac01872106f\nhttps://github.com/jwt/ruby-jwt/releases/tag/v2.10.3\nhttps://github.com/jwt/ruby-jwt/releases/tag/v3.2.0\nhttps://github.com/jwt/ruby-jwt/security/advisories/GHSA-c32j-vqhx-rx3x" ],
  "name" : "CVE-2026-45363",
  "csaw" : false
}