CVE-2025-14559

Public on

Last Modified: UTC

Moderate Moderate Impact What does this mean?
6.5 CVSS v3 Base Score

Description

A flaw was found in the keycloak-services component of Keycloak. This vulnerability allows the issuance of access and refresh tokens for disabled users, leading to unauthorized use of previously revoked privileges, via a business logic vulnerability in the Token Exchange implementation when a privileged client invokes the token exchange flow.

Statement

This vulnerability is rated Moderate for Red Hat. A business logic flaw in the Token Exchange implementation of Keycloak allows a privileged client with impersonation permission to issue access and refresh tokens for disabled users. This can lead to unauthorized access by former employees or banned users, despite their accounts being deactivated. Exploitation requires an internal high-privileged client and does not involve user interaction or direct authentication by the disabled user.

Mitigation

To mitigate this issue, disable the Token Exchange preview feature within your Keycloak deployment if it is not actively required. This can typically be achieved through Keycloak's administrative console or by adjusting relevant configuration settings. If the Token Exchange feature must remain enabled, ensure that only strictly necessary and highly trusted clients are granted the 'impersonation' permission. Any changes to Keycloak configuration may require a service restart or reload to take effect, which could temporarily impact service availability.

Additional Information
  • This content is not included.Bugzilla 2421711: org.keycloak/keycloak-services: Keycloak keycloak-services: Business logic flaw allows unauthorized token issuance for disabled users
  • CWE-840
  • FAQ: Frequently asked questions about CVE-2025-14559
  • Offline Security Data data is available for integration with other systems. See Offline Security Data API to get started.

External References

Content from www.cve.org is not included.https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-14559

Content from nvd.nist.gov is not included.https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-14559

Affected Packages and Issued Red Hat Security Errata

Products / Services Components State Errata
Red Hat build of Keycloak 26.4 rhbk/keycloak-operator-bundle Fixed RHSA-2026:2366
Red Hat build of Keycloak 26.4 rhbk/keycloak-rhel9 Fixed RHSA-2026:2366
Red Hat build of Keycloak 26.4 rhbk/keycloak-rhel9-operator Fixed RHSA-2026:2366
Red Hat build of Keycloak 26.4.9 keycloak-services Fixed RHSA-2026:2365
Unless explicitly stated as not affected, all previous versions of packages in any minor update stream of a product listed here should be assumed vulnerable, although may not have been subject to full analysis.

Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS) Score Details

Important note

CVSS scores for open source components depend on vendor-specific factors (e.g. version or build chain). Therefore, Red Hat's score and impact rating can be different from NVD and other vendors. Red Hat remains the authoritative CVE Naming Authorities (CNA) source for its products and services (see Red Hat classifications ).

CVSS v3 Score Breakdown Red Hat NVD
CVSS v3 Base Score 6.5
Attack Vector Network
Attack Complexity Low
Privileges Required High
User Interaction None
Scope Unchanged
Confidentiality Impact High
Integrity Impact High
Availability Impact None

CVSS v3 Vector

Red Hat CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N

Acknowledgements

Red Hat would like to thank Aytac Kalinci for reporting this issue.

Frequently Asked Questions

Why is Red Hat's CVSS v3 score or Impact different from other vendors?

 For open source software shipped by multiple vendors, the CVSS base scores may vary for each vendor's version depending on the version they ship, how they ship it, the platform, and even how the software is compiled. This makes scoring of vulnerabilities difficult for third-party vulnerability databases such as NVD that only provide a single CVSS base score for each vulnerability. Red Hat scores reflect how a vulnerability affects our products specifically.

For more information, see https://access.redhat.com/solutions/762393.

My product is listed as "Under investigation" or "Affected", when will Red Hat release a fix for this vulnerability?
  • "Under investigation" doesn't necessarily mean that the product is affected by this vulnerability. It only means that our Analysis Team is still working on determining whether the product is affected and how it is affected.
  • "Affected" means that our Analysis Team has determined that this product is affected by this vulnerability and might release a fix to address this in the near future.

What can I do if my product is listed as "Will not fix"?

 A "will not fix" status means that a fix for an affected product version is not planned or not possible due to complexity, which may create additional risk.

Available options depend mostly on the Impact of the vulnerability and the current Life Cycle phase of your product. Overall, you have the following options:
  • Upgrade to a supported product version that includes a fix for this vulnerability (recommended).
  • Apply a mitigation (if one exists).
  • Open a This content is not included.support case to request a prioritization of releasing a fix for this vulnerability.

What can I do if my product is listed as "Fix deferred"?

 A deferred status means that a fix for an affected product version is not guaranteed due to higher-priority development work.

Available options depend mostly on the Impact of the vulnerability and the current Life Cycle phase of your product. Overall, you have the following options:
  • Apply a mitigation (if one exists).
  • Open a This content is not included.support case to request a prioritization of releasing a fix for this vulnerability.
  • Red Hat Engineering focuses on addressing high-priority issues based on their complexity or limited lifecycle support. Therefore, lower-priority issues will not receive immediate fixes.

What is a mitigation?

 A mitigation is an action that can be taken to reduce the impact of a security vulnerability, without deploying any fixes.

I have a Red Hat product but it is not in the above list, is it affected?

 The listed products were found to include one or more of the components that this vulnerability affects. These products underwent a thorough evaluation to determine their affectedness by this vulnerability. Note that layered products (such as container-based offerings) that consume affected components from any of the products listed in this table may be affected and are not represented.

Why is my security scanner reporting my product as vulnerable to this vulnerability even though my product version is fixed or not affected?

 In order to maintain code stability and compatibility, Red Hat usually does not rebase packages to entirely new versions. Instead, we backport fixes and new features to an older version of the package we distribute. This can result in some security scanners that only consider the package version to report the package as vulnerable. To avoid this, we suggest that you use an approved vulnerability scanner from our This content is not included.Red Hat Vulnerability Scanner Certification program.

My product is listed as "Out of Support Scope". What does this mean?

 When a product is listed as "Out of Support Scope", it means a vulnerability with the impact level assigned to this CVE is no longer covered by its current support lifecycle phase. The product has been identified to contain the impacted component, but analysis to determine whether it is affected or not by this vulnerability was not performed. The product should be assumed to be affected. Customers are advised to apply any mitigation options documented on this page, consider removing or disabling the impacted component, or upgrade to a supported version of the product that has an update available.